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Immigration law

Deportation defense screener

If you're in removal proceedings or worried you might be, several forms of relief can stop a deportation or let you stay in the US legally. This screener checks your time in the US, family ties, and any fear of returning home against the most common relief options, so you know what to raise in immigration court.

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If you have a court date or a deadline from immigration court, time matters. Missing a hearing or filing deadline can result in an automatic deportation order. This screener provides legal information only and is not a substitute for an attorney. If you have any upcoming hearing, contact an immigration attorney immediately. See our full disclaimer.

Deportation defense screener

Your possible relief options

Get urgent help from a deportation defense attorney

Relief from removal has strict deadlines and evidence requirements. The sooner an attorney reviews your case, the more options stay open. Reach out now for a free, confidential consultation.

Confidential. Attorney-client privilege applies from first contact.

What relief options exist in removal proceedings?

Being placed in removal proceedings doesn't automatically mean deportation. Immigration judges can grant several forms of relief that allow someone to stay in the US legally, depending on their specific facts. The most common include cancellation of removal, asylum, withholding of removal, protection under the Convention Against Torture, and adjustment of status if a qualifying pathway is available. Each has its own eligibility requirements, evidence standards, and deadlines.

If you already hold or might qualify for a different status outside of court, like through a family relationship, our visa eligibility screener can help identify it, since some applicants in proceedings can still pursue adjustment of status as a form of relief.

Cancellation of removal

Cancellation of removal comes in 2 forms. For green card holders, it requires at least 5 years as a lawful permanent resident, 7 years of continuous residence in the US in any status, and no aggravated felony conviction. For non-permanent residents, it requires 10 years of continuous physical presence, good moral character, no disqualifying convictions, and proof that removal would cause exceptional and extremely unusual hardship to a qualifying US citizen or green card holder spouse, parent, or child.

Asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT protection

Asylum is available to people who fear persecution in their home country based on race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group, and generally must be filed within 1 year of arrival in the US, with limited exceptions. Withholding of removal has a higher proof standard but no 1-year deadline, while Convention Against Torture protection focuses specifically on torture risk and doesn't require a protected-ground connection like asylum does. These 3 forms of relief are often raised together since they share overlapping facts but different legal standards.

Other defenses and forms of relief

Depending on the situation, other options can include U visa status for crime victims who assisted law enforcement, T visa status for trafficking survivors, VAWA self-petitions for survivors of abuse by a US citizen or green card holder family member, voluntary departure to avoid a formal removal order on the record, and prosecutorial discretion requests asking ICE not to pursue removal in lower-priority cases.

Frequently asked questions about deportation defense

Missing a hearing without a valid excuse typically results in an in absentia order of removal, issued without you present and without further notice. This is one of the most serious mistakes in immigration court and can sometimes be reopened with strong evidence of lack of proper notice or exceptional circumstances, but reopening is difficult. If you've missed a hearing, contact an attorney immediately.
Yes, in some cases. The 1-year filing deadline has exceptions for changed circumstances that materially affect eligibility, or extraordinary circumstances that caused the delay, such as serious illness or ongoing legal disability. Withholding of removal and Convention Against Torture protection have no 1-year deadline at all, which is why these are often raised alongside a late asylum claim.
It depends on the specific conviction and the type of relief being sought. Aggravated felony convictions create the most serious bars, disqualifying someone from cancellation of removal and asylum, though withholding of removal and CAT protection have narrower exceptions even for some serious convictions. A detailed review of the exact conviction and its immigration consequences is essential before deciding which relief to pursue.
A formal removal order carries lasting consequences, including bars to returning to the US for several years or longer depending on the circumstances. Voluntary departure allows someone to leave the US on their own, within a set timeframe, without a removal order on their record, which can preserve eligibility for future immigration benefits that a removal order would otherwise block.
Unlike criminal court, immigration court does not provide a government-appointed attorney even though the consequences can be severe. Some nonprofit legal aid organizations and law school clinics offer free or reduced-cost representation, particularly for detained individuals, asylum seekers, and certain vulnerable populations, though availability varies significantly by location and current capacity.

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