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Work visa pathway finder

H-1B, L-1, O-1, TN, and E visas all let you work in the US, but each one fits a different kind of job offer and background. This finder compares your role, employer relationship, and qualifications against the most common work visa categories to point you toward the right one.

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Legal information only. Work visa eligibility depends on detailed facts about the job, employer, and your background, plus current USCIS policy. This finder identifies likely categories only. An immigration attorney confirms eligibility and handles filing. See our full disclaimer.

Work visa pathway finder

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Filing the wrong work visa category, or missing the H-1B lottery window, can cost months. An immigration attorney confirms your strongest category and timeline at no cost.

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How do US work visa categories actually differ?

Work visas are built around different relationships between you and your employer, not just job title. H-1B fits a standard employer-employee relationship for a specialty occupation requiring a degree. L-1 only works if you're transferring within the same multinational company. O-1 requires extraordinary ability evidence, not just a job offer. TN is limited to Canadian and Mexican citizens in specific listed professions. E-2 and E-3 depend on treaty relationships between the US and your home country. Picking based on job title alone, without checking the employer relationship and your nationality, is the most common mistake people make before talking to an attorney.

If your category doesn't fit a temporary work visa at all, because your case rests on extraordinary achievement rather than a standard job offer, the broader visa eligibility screener covers a wider set of pathways including family and investor categories. And if your employer is specifically transferring you from an overseas office rather than hiring you fresh, the L-1 intracompany transfer tool goes deeper into that specific category's requirements.

H-1B: the most common employer-sponsored work visa

H-1B requires a "specialty occupation," generally meaning the job requires at least a bachelor's degree in a specific field. It's subject to an annual numerical cap and a lottery system for most applicants, with registration typically opening in March each year. Some employers, like universities and nonprofit research organizations, are cap-exempt and can file year-round. H-1B status is tied to the sponsoring employer, and changing jobs requires the new employer to file a new petition.

O-1 and L-1: no lottery, but stricter qualifying criteria

O-1 has no annual cap and no lottery, but requires documented extraordinary ability or achievement, evaluated against a high evidentiary standard. L-1 also has no cap but only applies to employees being transferred from a foreign office of the same company to a US office, in a managerial, executive, or specialized knowledge role, after working abroad for the company for at least 1 continuous year within the prior 3. Both move faster than H-1B specifically because they avoid the lottery, but each has its own strict qualification bar.

TN and E visas: nationality-dependent categories

TN status is available only to Canadian and Mexican citizens working in one of a specific list of professions under the USMCA trade agreement, and offers fast processing without a lottery or annual cap. E-2 treaty investor and E-3 (Australian specialty occupation) visas depend entirely on a qualifying treaty between the US and your country of citizenship. If you don't hold citizenship in a treaty or USMCA country, these categories simply aren't available regardless of your job or qualifications, making nationality one of the first filters in this finder.

Frequently asked questions about work visas

If you're not selected, you can register again the following year, but in the meantime it's worth checking whether you qualify for a different category that has no lottery, such as O-1 if you have strong achievements, L-1 if your employer has an office abroad, TN if you're a Canadian or Mexican citizen, or a cap-exempt H-1B employer like certain universities and research institutions. Many people pursue more than one category in parallel for exactly this reason.
In most categories, yes, but the new employer generally must file a new petition before you start the new job. H-1B allows what's called "H-1B portability," letting you start work for the new employer once the new petition is properly filed, before approval. L-1 and O-1 transfers require similar new filings tied to the new employer. Working for a new employer without the correct petition in place risks your status.
It depends on the category. Spouses of certain L-1 and E visa holders can generally apply for their own work authorization. H-1B spouses can only work if the H-1B holder has an approved or pending green card petition meeting specific criteria. TN and O-1 dependent spouses generally cannot work unless they separately qualify for their own status. Checking your specific category's dependent work rules avoids a costly surprise.
Most work visa categories can support a later green card petition, typically through employer sponsorship and labor certification, or directly for extraordinary ability cases. The work visa and the green card process are legally separate filings, so holding a work visa doesn't automatically convert to permanent residency. Many employers begin the green card process well before a work visa's maximum duration runs out.
A denial doesn't bar future filings, but reapplying without addressing the specific reason for denial usually leads to another denial. Common denial reasons include insufficient evidence the position qualifies as a specialty occupation, an unclear employer-employee relationship, or incomplete documentation. Reviewing the denial notice with an attorney before refiling, or considering a different visa category entirely, gives the strongest path forward.

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